Sensory Processing andtherapeutic
Listening
Other sound-based techniques based on Auditory Integration developed from the Tomatis Method began to be incorporated into 2-week intensive intervention protocols based on the Sensory Processing reference framework in the early 1990s by a group of Occupational Therapists trained in Sensory Integration.
ayres (1972, p. 123), vestibular system“a unifying and coordinating system” defined as.
The vestibular system is associated with all other sensory input and has a key, integrative role in sensory processing. Due to the interaction of vestibular, visual, and auditory systems, we can move, explore, and relate to people and objects in a three-dimensional environment.
When individuals experience Sensory Integration difficulties, the vestibular system, which is directly connected to the auditory system, is often a target for intervention.
The vestibular and auditory systems are closely linked both anatomically and neurologically. Both systems are located within the bony structure of the inner ear and function through hair-like receptors that move in fluid-filled canals.
Both systems share the eighth cranial nerve, which sends neurological impulses to the central nervous system, which intersects pathways in the cerebellum, brainstem, and cortex and exchanges information. Research conducted by Emami and colleagues (2013) described stimulation of the sac in response to high-intensity low-frequency sounds. Because of these close connections, auditory interventions such as Therapeutic Listening are thought to support sensory processing underlying occupational performance and function.
An important component of Therapeutic Listening is the electronic modification of specially recorded music designed to highlight features of the sound spectrum and initiate an orienting response to salient features of the environment. Orientation is a subcortical action in response to novelty in the brain.
The first published case studies using this approach (Frick & Lawton-Shirley, 1994)Sensory Integration has shown promising results in many areas typically addressed in therapy (e.g., sensory defense, gravity distrust, and praxis). Although participants appeared to benefit from the interventions, severalobstacle There was. Participation required extensive time and financial resources and required intervention in a clinical setting. Therapeutic Listening to minimize barriers, specifically for use in a variety of settings and with a large populationWith Sensory Integration and auditory interventionsIt was developed based on extensive relevant clinical experience.
When individuals perceive innovation and gravitate towards it,characteristic behavioral patterns They exhibit: body immobility, dizziness, and visual searching (Siddle, 1983). They also experience physiological changes in heart rate, respiration, and pupil dilation (Frick & Young, 2012). Orienting responses ultimately occur via neural pathways in the limbic system, reticular formation, and other subcortical areas.autonomic nervous system effects.
Orientation processes adaptive behavior. Ayres (1972) posited that orienting is a pre-adaptive response, paving the way for an assumption underlying Therapeutic Listening: facilitative orienting can “trigger” approach behaviors that precede adaptive responses
Rhythm, another cornerstone of Therapeutic Listening, also appears to have far-reaching effects on the nervous system, especially motor networks (Bengtsson et al., 2009). Thaut and colleagues (1992) extensively investigated the relationship between music, rhythm, and motor output. One study found that auditory rhythms immediately improved walking patterns in people with neurological injuries (Thaut, Kenyon, Schauer, & McIntosh, 1999). Using electromyography (EMG), Thaut and colleagues (1992) demonstrated that rhythmic input facilitates motor unit recruitment patterns, ultimately influencing motor control, coordination, and performance. The type and quality of rhythm affects the motor system through entrainment with motor responses. (Thaut & Abiru, 2010).
